最低生活保障制度的漏保问题及其治理——基于N省社会救助核查案例的分析

The Problem of Non-take-up in the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee and Its Solutions——Based on the Case of Social Assistance Verification in N Province

低保漏保问题的发生将严重弱化低保的兜底保障功能、危及社会稳定,长远来看还将制约低收入群体共同富裕目标的实现。在新冠疫情持续和经济下行压力增大的背景下,低保漏保问题的危害将进一步放大。本文结合N省社会救助核查案例,基于政策目标群体、政策执行主体、政策工具和政策时效性等要素,将低保漏保划分为主动弃保型、被动未申请型、政策执行偏差型、技术型和救助延误型五种漏保类型,并对其成因进行分析。据此,本文建议阶段性扩大低保覆盖面、适度加大财政投入、构建包容性贫困识别指标,并针对不同漏保问题类型实施低保专项治理。

In the context of the COVID-19 and the increasing downward pressure on China’s economy, the non-take-up of Minimum Livelihood Guarantee is not conducive to the minimum level of security and social stability, and will also hinder the realization of the goal of common prosperity for low-income groups in the long term. Based on the case of social assistance verification in N province, this study classifies the under-insurance and the non-takeup into five types, including active abandonment type, passive non-application type, policy implementation deviation type, technical type and relief delay type, based on the elements of policy target group,policy implementation subject,policy instruments and policy timeliness and analyzes their causes. Accordingly,this paper suggests that the Chinese government should appropriately expand the coverage of Minimum Livelihood Guarantee, increase the financial expenditure of social assistance, improve the identification indicators of poverty, and implement special solutions for different types of non-take-up.