“动因-过程”视角下的积分制:产生、运行与效能——基于湖南省D村的个案研究

The Points System from the Perspective of “Motivation-Process”: Generation, Operation and Efficiency——A Case Study Based on Village D in Hunan Province

近年来积分制被广泛运用于乡村公共事务治理当中。为什么传统的积分制会在新时代乡村公共治理中重新焕发出生命力?其治理效能在新时代是如何发挥的?本文基于“动因-过程”的分析框架,通过湖南省D村的个案考察,分析了乡村公共治理中积分制的产生动因、运行机制以及实践效果。研究发现,积分制产生于行政与自治失衡引致的乡村公共治理自治组织基础动摇、村庄人情社会等非正式制度失灵导致的社会基础削弱。经由组织的整合、政府的推动以及社会的确认,最终形成了动力协调、组织调整、社会嵌入的运行机制。积分制通过激励农户参与在实践中既发挥了促进乡村治理关系的协调、社会治理的落实以及发展建设的共享等治理效能,同时也出现了引发组织创新惰性、降低干群之间的信任度以及目标替代等制度“异化”现象。

In recent years, the points system has been widely used in rural public affairs governance. Why will the traditional points system regain its vitality in the new era of rural public governance? How does its governance efficiency play out in the new era? Based on the analysis framework of “motivation-process”, the study analyzes the motivation, operating mechanism and practical effect of the points system in rural public governance through a case study of village D in Hunan Province. It found that the points system results from the shaking of the selfgoverning organization foundation of rural public governance caused by the imbalance between administration and autonomy, and the weakening of the social foundation caused by the failure of informal institutions such as the acquaintance society. Through the process of integration of organizations,the promotion of government and the social validation,the operating mechanism of dynamic coordination, organization adjustment and social embeddedness is finally formed. In practice, the point system has been effective in promoting the coordination of rural governance relationships, the implementation of social governance, and the sharing of development and construction, but it has also led to institutional “alienation” such as inertia of organizational innovation, lower trust between cadres and masses, and goal substitution.