《卡利亚斯和约》真伪再探

Re-exploration of the Authenticity of the Peace of Callias

《卡利亚斯和约》被视为希波战争中希腊获胜和战争结束的标志,以及体现雅典民主制度优越性的证据。然而,所谓《卡利亚斯和约》在历史上从未实施过。尽管卡利亚斯公元前5世纪受雅典派遣出使波斯,但未签署过和约。事实上,《卡利亚斯和约》是公元前4世纪雅典众多政治家、演说家、作家在激烈党争和演讲文化中出于各自目的,借助希波战争来表达政治主张和诉求,并不断吸收前人书写成果逐步建构出来的。

The Peace of Callias is emblematic of Greek victory and the end of the GrecoPersian Wars, and interpreted as evidence of the superiority of the democratic system of Athens. Actually, the contents of the Peace of Callias were never implemented in history. In the 5th century B.C., Athens indeed sent Callias to Persia, but he did not sign the socalled peace treaty. In fact, the Peace of Callias was created in the 4th century B.C. through the synthesis of pre-existing texts in the context of fi erce confl icts between parties and thriving rhetorical culture by numerous Athenian politicians, speakers, and writers who sought to express their political ideas and appeals through the medium of the GrecoPersian Wars for diff erent purposes.