故宫考古视野下的元大内规划复原研究

Restoration of the Yuan Imperial Palace Planning from the Perspective of the Archaeology in the Palace Museum

元大内遗址位于明清故宫和景山范围之下。历史文献对元大内的记载,虽然包含了翔实的各宫殿建筑数据,但对建筑之间的相对距离却语焉不详。故宫博物院范围内发现的多处元代和明初的建筑基础,弥补了历史文献的先天不足,为精准定位元大内各宫殿建筑提供了可能。本文采取历史文献、故宫古建基础勘察和考古发掘相互印证的方法,确定元大内关键点的位置。在此基础上,参考历史地图和宋、金、元、明宫殿复原成果,提出新的元大内规划复原平面布局。

The site of the Yuan imperial palace is located in the scope of the Ming and Qing Forbidden City and the Jingshan.Although there are detailed and accurate building data of each palace in historical records,the relative distance between the buildings is unclear.Several architectural foundations of the Yuan and early Ming dynasties found in the Palace Museum could make up for the shortage of historical documents and provide the possibility of accurately locating the buildings in the Yuan imperial palace.Based on the historical records,survey of the architectural foundations in Forbidden City and archeological excavation,the paper confirms the location of the key buildings in the Yuan imperial palace.Furthermore,by referring to historical maps and restorations of imperial palace in the Song,Jin,Yuan,and Ming dynasties,it can be proposed the new restored layout of the Yuan imperial palace planning.