“清同治三年杭州府禁除山虎告示”解读

Interpretation of “the Notice of Banning Grave Guarder by Hangzhou Prefecture in the Third Year during Tongzhi’s Reign”

浙江省博物馆藏“民国拓清同治三年十月杭州府禁除山虎告示”拓片,告示核心内容是针对停棺不葬及山虎阻葬恶习提出告诫。相关历史文献对于同治三年杭州知府勒石禁山虎事件仅有只言片语介绍,未收入告示具体内容。文章从停棺不葬、阻葬恶习、施棺义葬及秩序重建四方面对告示内容进行解读。太平天国运动后的“残棺遍地”客观上为地方官员整治停柩陋俗提供了契机,战乱后的大量荒地废地为大规模营葬提供了可能性,由地方士绅主导的掩埋义行推动了杭城义冢的施建。告示所反映的内容不仅是风俗整治,也具有太平天国运动后杭城秩序重建的深层意义。

In the Zhejiang Provincial Museum, there collects a rubbing of “the notice of banning the graveyard bully by Hangzhou Prefecture in October of the third year during Tongzhi’s reign rubbed in the Republic of China”. The core content of the notice is a warning against the pernicious customs of laying the cofn without burying and the graveyard bully’s obstructing the burial. The relevant historical documents only briefly introduced the incident of inscribing the notice on a stone tablet to ban the graveyard bully ordered by Hangzhou Prefecture magistrate in the third year during Tongzhi’s reign, without the specific content of the notice. This article interprets the contents of the notice from four aspects: laying the cofn without burying, obstructing the burial, bestowing cofn for the charity burial and order reconstruction. After the Taiping Rebelling, the “everywhere scattered cofns” objectively provided an opportunity for local ofcials to rectify the bad custom of laying the cofn without burying. Meanwhile, After the war, a large number of wastelands provided the possibility of large-scale burial. The burial action led by local gentry promoted the construction of charity cemetery in Hangzhou. The notice content not only reflected the rectification of customs,but also included the deep significance of the order reconstruction in Hangzhou after the Taiping Rebelling.