故宫古建筑防火的传统科学方法

The Traditional Scientific Methods of Fire Prevention of Ancient Buildings in the Forbidden City

故宫以木结构为主,容易遭受火灾。文章探讨了明清时期故宫古建筑防火的科学方法,分析了其在隔火、灭火方面的有效性。结果表明:故宫古建筑传统防火的科学方法主要包括:使用内金水河、铜缸或铁缸里的水灭火,建造砖墙、砖石房来隔火,采用具有机械力的唧筒和水龙为灭火工具。此外,清代组建的救火队亦有利于火灾扑救。

The Forbidden City mainly consists of wood structure,which is vulnerable to fire.This paper discusses the scientific methods of fire prevention of ancient buildings in the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and analyses its effectiveness in fire insulation and fire extinguishing.The results show that the traditional fire prevention methods of ancient buildings in the Forbidden City mainly include:using the water in the inner Jinshui River,copper or iron vat to extinguish the fire,building brick walls and masonry houses to insulate fire,and using pumps and fire hoses with mechanical force as fire extinguishing tools.In addition,the fire brigade formed in the Qing Dynasty was also conducive to fire fighting.