经费收支视域下的DARPA科技创新模式研究

Research on DARPA’s scientific and technological innovation model from the expenditure perspective

DARPA作为美国国防部负责高新技术研究的管理部门,专职负责“为国家安全提供颠覆性技术和能力”,为防止对手技术突袭、巩固美军技术领先优势做出了贡献。本文以DARPA为研究对象,以经费收支为切入点,从预算科目、经费投入、经费投向三个方面分析了DARPA经费收支的基本情况及主要特点,研判了近年来DARPA科技创新重点关注的方向,梳理了基础研究、应用研究、先进技术开发研究和管理保障方面的主要发展趋势,剖析了其科技创新面临的短板瓶颈,并从实施技术预判预警、提升原始创新能力,建立协同创新联盟、打造群智创新生态,提升转化应用质效、聚力形成颠覆效应等方面,研提相关对策措施,以期为打造更加开放包容的科技创新生态提供启示和借鉴。

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)is the department that manages high-tech research in the U.S.Department of Defense.It is responsible for providing disruptive technologies and capabilities for national security and has contributed to preventing adversary technological raids and solidifying the technological leadership of the U.S.military.In this paper,taking DARPA as the research subject and expenditure as the starting point,we analyze the basic condition and main characteristics of DARPA’s expenditures from three aspects:budgetary accounts,investment,and investment direction.We judge the key focus of DARPA’s scientific and technological innovation in recent years;sort out the main development trends in fundamental research,applied research,advanced technology development research,and management support;and analyze the shortcomings and bottlenecks faced by its scientific and technological innovation.Finally,we propose related strategies and measures from the perspective of implementing technical anticipation and early warning,improving original innovation capabilities,establishing collaborative innovation alliances,building collective intelligence innovation ecology,improving the quality and efficiency of commercialization and application,and bringing a disruptive effect.This paper aims to provide inspiration and reference for building a more open and inclusive scientific and technological innovation ecology.