中华甲虫蒲螨对桃蚜控制潜能的研究

Study on the Control Potential of Pyemotes zhonghuajia to Myzus persicae

中华甲虫蒲螨(Pyemotes zhonghuajia Yu,Zhang&He)是我国一种重要的寄生性天敌,在双条杉天牛、光肩星天牛和杨干象等害虫防治应用中表现出良好的控制作用。本研究旨为探讨中华甲虫蒲螨对桃蚜的控制潜能。在显微镜下,观察了中华甲虫蒲螨对桃蚜的寄生过程;分别在室内离体桃叶片上和田间桃园,进行了释放蒲螨防治桃蚜的效果试验。结果表明:1头中华甲虫蒲螨雌螨接入到载有60头桃蚜的离体桃叶片上,中华甲虫蒲螨最快可以在6 min 48 s完成对桃蚜搜寻、叮刺并致死的过程,平均需时23 min 8 s,24 h内最多可以杀死5头桃蚜,平均杀死量3.6头;室内按螨蚜比1∶1释放中华甲虫蒲螨防治桃蚜,24 h桃蚜的校正死亡率可达73.22%;田间每被害梢释放2管蒲螨,10 d后的防治效果可以达到82.74%,防治效果明显。蒲螨对桃蚜表现出了较好的控制能力,可为桃蚜的田间防治提供一种新的生物防治手段。

Pyemotes zhonghuajia Yu,Zhang&He is an important parasitic natural enemy in China,which has been used effectively in control of many kinds of pest,such as Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky,Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch,Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linnaeus and so on.Under the microscope,the parasitism process of P.zhonghuajia on Myzus persicae was observed.The control effects of P.zhonghuajia released on the detached peach leaves and in peach orchards on M.persicae was studied.The results showed that when a female of P.zhonghuajia was released on the detached peach leaves containing 60 M.persicae,the process of searching,biting and killing M.persicae could be completed in 6 min 48 s as soon as possible,with an average time of 23 min 8 s,and up to 5 M.persicae could be killed within 24 h,with an average killing amount of 3.6.When the ratio of P.zhonghuajia to M.persicae was 1∶1 in the laboratory,the corrected mortality rate was 73.22%within 24 h.In the field,the control efficiency was 82.74%after 10 days for releasing two tubes of P.zhonghuajia per shoot.P.zhonghuajia showed a good control ability against M.persicae,which could provide a new biological control method for field control of M.persicae.