北宋相国寺演剧考

On the Performances at Xiangguo Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋时期的相国寺,是一个集宗教、贸易、游乐、演剧诸种属性于一身的城市公共空间。从五代后唐到北宋真宗祥符元年(1009年),它一直是皇家斋会演剧的首选之地。在北宋时期以三元节日为主的节令演出期间,相国寺大殿前百戏杂陈,昼夜不停。因为诞节演剧、节令演剧、僧侣俗讲和“以谑丐钱”的倡优演剧等演剧形态的存在,相国寺可谓中国戏剧史上一座独特的“瓦舍”。这座集官方、民间演出于一身的特殊剧场,是中国戏剧剧场形态进化史上的重要一环。

Xiangguo Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty was an urban public space of religion, trade, entertainment, and performance. From the Later Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties(923-936) to the first year of Xiangfu of Emperor Zhenzong in the Northern Song Dynasty(1009), it was always the first choice for the performance of the Royal Fast ceremonies. During the period of festival performances around the three Yuan Festivals in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were various performances day and night in front of the main hall of Xiangguo Temple. It was known as “Washe”, a unique performance place in the history of Chinese theatre for different forms of theatrical performances, such as Emperor’s Birthday celebration performance, festival performances, monks’ public lectures, and commercial performances by itinerant actors. Integrating official and folk performances, this special place is an important part in the evolution history of Chinese theatre form.