典型国家肉牛生产经济效率比较及对中国的启示

Comparison of Economic Efficiency of Beef Cattle Production in Typical Countries and Its Enlightenment to China

经济效率的提升是实现肉牛产业质量效益和竞争力提升的突破性手段。基于2010-2020年Agri benchmark全球典型养殖场第一手数据,运用SFA测算了12个典型国家肉牛生产的经济效率,并采用Bitobit、CMP+IV-Tobit方法探究生产环境和管理特征在推动肉牛生产经济效率中发挥的作用。结果表明:中国肉牛生产技术效率处于国际偏低水平,仅为德国肉牛生产技术效率水平的72.31%、美国技术效率水平的74.45%,在12个典型国家中排名第9位;成本高位和价格劣势导致中国肉牛生产配置效率低位;中国肉牛全要素生产率缓慢增长,在典型国家中处于中等偏低水平,年均增速0.186%,属于技术效率与技术进步双驱动型;种植饲草料、政策和信贷扶持以及生物安全防控等对肉牛生产的技术效率和配置效率均产生显著正向影响;中国肉牛生产在养殖者素质水平、饲料粮自给率、政府扶持力度与生物安全防控方面与优势国家还存在明显差距,肉牛生产经济效率水平亟待进一步提升。

The improvement of economic efficiency is a breakthrough means to achieve the improvement of the quality,efficiency and competitiveness of the beef cattle industry.Based on the first-hand data of typical global farms in the Agri benchmark from 2010 to 2020,this paper uses SFA to calculate the economic efficiency of beef cattle production in 12 typical countries,and uses Bitobit and CMP IV Tobit methods to explore the role of production environment and management characteristics in promoting economic efficiency of production.The results show that the technical efficiency of beef cattle production in China is at a low level in the world,only 72.31%of the technical efficiency level of German beef cattle production and 74.45%of that of the United States,ranking 9th among 12 typical countries.High cost and price disadvantage has led to the low efficiency of beef cattle production allocation in China.The total factor productivity of beef cattle in China has grown slowly,at a moderately low level in typical countries,with an average annual growth rate of 0.186%,which is driven by both technical efficiency and technological progress.Credit support and biosecurity prevention and control have a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency and allocation efficiency of beef cattle production.China’s beef cattle production is comparable to the dominant countries in terms of breeder quality,feed grain self-sufficiency,government support and biosecurity prevention and control.There are still obvious gaps,and the economic efficiency level of beef cattle production needs to be further improved.