G-三聚体:发现、表征和分析应用

G-triplexes:discovery,characterization and analytical application

G-三聚体是近年来被确认的一种新型核酸结构,由富含鸟嘌呤(G)的核酸单链通过Hoogsteen氢键稳定的G-三分体平面堆叠形成。在G-四聚体结构折叠途径的研究中,G-三聚体作为中间体被假设存在,随后通过计算机模拟技术被观察到,其存在性通过实验而得到验证。G-三聚体一经发现就引起了人们极大的兴趣。研究人员通过多种生物物理技术对G-三聚体结构和功能开展深入研究,不仅拓展了人们对于核酸生物学功能的理解和认识,还打开了G-三聚体在生化领域应用的新大门。本文主要介绍G-三聚体的发现过程,其结构与性质的表征,并综述其在生化分析中的应用研究进展。

G-triplexes have been identified as a new category of nucleic acid structures.G-triplexes are guanine(G)-rich sequences that comprise the G-triad planes stabilized by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds.For a long time,Gtriplex structure has been already hypothesized in the investigations on the folding pathway of G-quadruplexes.Then computational modeling and simulation methods were used to predict the potential formation of G-triplex structure.Eventually,this structure was experimentally proven.G-triplexes had received growing research attention since their discovery.Structural and functional characterization of these G-triplexes have been conducted through a combination of biophysical experiments.Accumulating knowledge about G-triplexes has helped to expand the understanding of the biological functions of nucleic acids and has opened new doors to the applications of G-triplexes in biological areas.In this paper,the discovery process of G-triplex,the characterization of its structure and properties,and its application in biochemical analysis were reviewed.