冬季规模化猪场哺乳母猪舍内有害气体、颗粒物和微生物气溶胶的分布特点

Distribution of harmful gases,particulate matter,microbial aerosols in lactating sow houses of an intensive pig farm in winter

旨在探究冬季猪舍内有害气体、颗粒物和微生物气溶胶的分布规律,为猪场制定有效的环境调控措施提供基础数据和科学依据。本试验在江苏省盐城市某封闭式哺乳母猪舍进行,舍内设立5个监测点(前、中、后、南、北),高度设为距离地面1.0 m处,每30 min自动记录舍内温度和相对湿度,分别于每天6:00、10:00、14:00和18:00测定舍内风速、气体(NH_(3),H_(2)S和CO_(2))、不同粒径颗粒物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(1)和PM_(0.3))和微生物气溶胶(细菌、真菌和大肠杆菌气溶胶)浓度,每天监测4次,连续监测7 d。结果表明,哺乳母猪舍内平均温度和相对湿度分别为23.2℃和71.8%。舍内平均风速为0.36 m/s,显著低于舍外(1.79 m/s)。舍内NH_(3)、H_(2)S和CO_(2)平均浓度为5.50、0.27和2214 mg/m^(3),舍内后部的NH_(3)浓度显著高于前部,后部的H_(2)S浓度显著高于前部和中部,舍内各位置点CO_(2)浓度差异不显著。PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(1)和PM_(0.3)浓度分别为82.78、60.64、30.67和10.23 mg/m^(3),在喂料点达到峰值。细菌、真菌和大肠杆菌气溶胶浓度分别为9.41×10^(4)、5.50×10^(4)和7.32×10^(3)CFU/m^(3)。细菌和大肠杆菌气溶胶浓度与粒径大小成正比,真菌气溶胶浓度呈不规律变化。与规模猪场环境参数标准对比,舍内温湿度、NH_(3)和H_(2)S均符合国家标准的要求,风速、CO_(2)和细菌气溶胶浓度偏高。

This study investigated the distributing characteristics of harmful gases,particulate matter,microbial aerosols inside lactating sow houses in winter,in order to provide basic data and scientific basis for effective environmental control measures on pig farms.This experiment was carried out in an enclosed lactating sow house located in Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province.A total of five monitoring points(in the front,middle,rear,south and north of the house)were set,and the height of the points was at 1.0 m above the ground.The temperature and relative humidity inside the house were automatically recorded every 30 min,and the wind speed,the concentrations of gases(NH_(3),H_(2)S and CO_(2)),the different sizes of the particulate matter(PM_(10),PM_(2.5),PM_(1)and PM_(0.3)),and the microbial aerosols(bacteria,fungi and Escherichia coil)were detected at 6:00,10:00,14:00 and 18:00 in the day.The experiment was conducted four times a day for seven successive days.The results showed that the average temperature and relative humidity in the house was 23.2℃and 71.8%,respectively.The wind speed of 0.36 m/s in there was significantly higher than that that of 1.79 m/s outside.The average concentrations of NH_(3),H_(2)S,and CO_(2)inside the house were 5.50,0.27,and 2214 mg/m^(3),respectively.The NH_(3)in the rear of the house was significantly higher than that in the front,and the H_(2)S concentration in the rear was significantly higher than that in the front and middle.However,there were no significant differences in CO_(2)concentrations among locations in the house.The concentrations of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),PM_(1),and PM_(0.3)were 82.78,60.64,30.67,and 10.23 mg/m^(3),respectively,with the peak value being at the time points of feeding.The concentrations of bacteria,fungi andEscherichia coliwere 9.41×10^(4),5.50×10^(4)and 7.32×10^(3)CFU/m^(3),respectively.The concentrations of bacteria andEscherichia coli was reduced with the decreasing size of particulate matter,and the concentration of fungi aerosol showed irregular changes.Compared with the national environmental parameter standard for intensive pig farms,the temperature,relative humidity,NH_(3)and H_(2)S inside the tested sow house were all in line with the standard,but the wind speed and the concentrations of CO_(2)and bacterial aerosol were slightly higher.