城市规模与农民工的工资溢价:效应与机制检验

City Scale and Migrant Workers’ Wage Premium: Effect and Mechanism

农民工推动了中国城市化进程,然而是否获得城市化效应却存在争议,在中国积极推动以人为核心的新型城镇化背景下,该问题的回答具有重要的现实意义。本文基于2002年、2007年、2013年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据和2018年全国流动人口动态监测(CMDS)数据,较为全面地研究城市规模扩大对农民工工资溢价的影响和三个作用机制。研究发现,农民工获得的城市规模扩大带来的工资溢价效应显著,该效应具有显著的人力资本偏向性,受教育水平越高的农民工获得更高的工资溢价;劳动力市场供求匹配机制、学习机制和共享机制是城市规模作用于工资溢价的主要途径。因此,本文建议,坚持市场机制在城镇化进程中的决定作用;疏通机制,完善劳动力市场,提升农民工人力资本水平。

The rural-to-urban migration is the key cause of the rapid expansion of China’s urbanization.However, the current research about whether migrant workers benefit from the expansion of China’s city scale hasn’t reached a consensus.Based on the Chinese Household Income Project Survey in 2002,2007,and 2013 and China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2018,the paper evaluates the effect and explores three mechanisms.The result shows a significant positive relationship between city scale and migrant workers’ wage premium, and the higher the level of the migrant worker’s human capital, the better the wage premium.The supply and demand matching mechanism, learning mechanism, and sharing mechanism are the most important mechanisms through which city-scale affects migrant workers’ wage premium.Therefore, it is important to choose the urbanization model in line with the law of the market, enhance human capital, and dredge the mechanisms.