基于调节肠道菌群的功能性低聚糖改善肥胖的研究进展

Amelioration of obesity by functional oligosaccharides based on regulatory role of gut microbiota: research progress

肥胖是机体脂肪积聚过多的一种典型的能量过剩疾病,是导致2型糖尿病和心血管疾病等一系列代谢性疾病的主要原因之一,已成为威胁全球健康的重大公共卫生问题。肠道菌群作为机体能量代谢调控的重要参与者,在肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的发生发展中起着关键作用,通过饮食干预调节肠道菌群,进而改善机体健康状况将是未来的研究热点之一。已有研究表明,功能性低聚糖作为一类典型的新型益生元,可调节肠道菌群结构及其代谢产物的水平,影响机体能量代谢过程,改善肥胖及相关代谢性疾病。本文主要对肠道菌群在肥胖中的潜在作用机制,以及常见功能性低聚糖调节肠道菌群改善肥胖的作用效果进行综述,以期为通过靶向肠道菌群精准干预肥胖及相关代谢性疾病提供一些新的潜在防治策略。

Obesity is a typical disease of excess energy, characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat. It is associated with increased risk of many metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic diseases as an important participant in the regulation of energy metabolism. The research on regulating gut microbiota by diet intervention to improve health status of body will be a promising field. Existing studies have found that functional oligosaccharides, as a typical new prebiotics, can alter the level of gut microbiota and its metabolites, affect the body’s energy metabolism process,and improve obesity and related metabolic diseases. In the present review, we described the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in obesity, and summarized the anti-obesity effectiveness of common functional oligosaccharides by modulating gut microbiota, in order to provide some new potential prevention and treatment strategies for precisely intervening obesity and related metabolic diseases through targeting gut microbiota.