北京2022年冬奥会与东京2020年奥运会新冠肺炎疫情防控效果对比分析

Comparative study on the effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention and control between Beijing 2022 Olympics Winter Games and Tokyo 2020 Olympics Games

目的系统探讨东京2020年奥运会和残奥会(简称"东京奥运会")和北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会(简称"北京冬奥会")在各自疫情形势下的防控效果,为未来传染病大流行背景下大型集会筹办工作提供启示。方法系统检索东京奥运会和北京冬奥会相关文献及数据,利用公开数据对二者病例构成、发现方式、发病趋势及外溢情况进行比较分析。结果东京奥运会共报告新冠肺炎阳性人员869例,其中奥运会546例(62.8%),残奥会323例(37.2%);海关筛查发现55例(6.3%),常规筛查发现814例(93.7%);运动员41例(4.7%),其他利益相关方828例(95.3%);入境人员249例(28.7%),本土居民620例(71.3%);未对城市层面造成大量外溢传播。北京冬奥会共报告新冠肺炎阳性人员535例,其中冬奥会509例(95.1%),冬残奥会26例(4.9%);海关筛查323例(60.4%),常规筛查212例(39.6%);运动员及随队官员209例(39.1%),其他利益相关方326例(60.9%)。无外溢病例报告。结论东京奥运会与北京冬奥会举办期间所面临的国内外疫情形势截然不同,其新冠阳性人员构成及传播情况虽有较大差异,但结合各自背景来看,均取得了较好的防控效果。

Objective To explore systematically the effectiveness of disease prevention and control measures in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics Games(the Tokyo 2020 Games)and Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games(the Beijing 2022 Games),so as to provide implications for the preparation of mass gathering events(MGEs)in future within the period of infectious disease pandemic.Methods Literatures and data related to the Tokyo 2020 Games and Beijing 2022 Games were searched systematically.Publicly available data were used to analyze the proportion of cases,distribution of detection modes,trend of incidence as well as case leakage.Results A total of 869 positive cases were reported in the Tokyo 2020 Games,including 546(62.8%)in the Olympic Games and 323(37.2%)in the Paralympic Games.Fifty-five cases(6.3%)were discovered through screening at custom and 814(93.7%)through routine screening.Forty-one cases were athletes(4.7%)and 828 were from stakeholders(95.3%),Two hundred and forty-nine cases(28.7%)were foreign nationals and 620 were local residents(71.3%).There was no solid evidence of transmission from the Olympic"bubble"to Tokyo city.For the Beijing 2022 Games,a total of 535 positive cases were reported,including 509(95.1%)in the Olympic Winter Games and 26(4.9%)in the Paralympic Winter Games.Three hundred and twenty-three cases(60.4%)were discovered through screening at custom and 212(39.6%)through routine testing.Two hundred and nine cases(39.1%)were athletes and team officials,and 326(60.9%)were from stakeholders.No case leakage was reported.Conclusions The Tokyo 2020 Games and the Beijing 2022 Games were held amidst drastically different epidemic situations.Although the case distribution and transmission modes varied for the two Games,they both achieved considerable prevention and control effects in light of the specific epidemic situation faced.