电催化氮还原用非贵金属基催化剂的研究现状

Research status of non-noble metal-based catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction

电催化氮还原反应(Nitrogen reduction reaction,NRR)可以在常温常压环境下将N2还原为NH3,是最有希望代替传统Haber-Bosch法的技术之一。目前,由于缺乏高效催化剂,电催化NRR难以实现工业化,亟需探索和设计高效的催化剂。本综述总结了非贵金属基催化剂在电催化NRR应用中的最新进展,包括氧化物、硫化物、碳化物和氮化物等,阐述了元素掺杂、空位、形貌和异质结构等对催化剂电催化NRR性能的影响规律和研究现状。讨论了提高电催化NRR效率的方法,提出了不同催化剂存在的问题并指出了相关解决方案,为后续NRR电催化剂的发展和改进提供了新思路。

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)can convert N2into NH3under ambient conditions,which is one of the most promising alternatives for the traditional Haber-Bosch method.At present,due to the lack of high-efficiency catalysts,it is difficult to realize the industrialization of electrocatalytic NRR,so it is urgent to explore and design high-efficiency catalysts.This review summarizes the latest progress of non-noble metal-based catalysts in electrocatalytic NRR applications,including their oxides,sulfides,carbides and nitrides,etc.,and expounds the influence of element doping,vacancy,morphology,and heterostructure on the NRR performance of the catalysts.The methods of improving the efficiency of NRR are discussed,the problems of different catalysts are proposed,and the related solutions are also pointed out.These will provide new ideas for the development and improvement of subsequent NRR electrocatalysts.