以国民修养载大国气象——蔡元培人本主义的教育思想和宗旨

Developing Powerful Nation with National Accomplishment——On Cai Yuanpei’s Humanistic Educational Thoughts and Purposes

蔡元培教育思想的核心立足于对国民性的改造,培养具有高尚的理想,可以担当将来之文化并具有独立不惧之精神、安贫乐道之志趣的现代公民,重塑民族和国家发展的自信心。通过对蔡元培的信件、日记、著作和演说中关于教育问题的梳理,整体性研究和归纳蔡元培中西融通、兼容并蓄的教育理念,阐释其现代教育思想的宗旨和特色。从“‘本务’观与儒家教育思想的底色”“改造旧的教育体制和塑造新的国民人格”“‘美育代宗教’的命题价值和意义”三个部分分析并阐释国民修养的改造和大国气象之间的关系,以期照应当代教育的突出问题,寻求有历史延伸性的时代问题并给予解答。

The core of Cai Yuanpei’s educational thoughts is based on the reform of the national character,aiming to cultivate modern citizens with noble ideals,who can take on the future culture with the spirit of independence and bravery,and are willing to live in poverty and happiness,as well as to rebuild the self-confidence of national development.According to the study on the educational issues in Cai Yuanpei’s letters,diaries,works and speeches,we are supposed to arrive at Cai Yuanpei’s educational concepts on the integration of China and the West,so as to interpret the purposes and characteristics of his modern educational thoughts.To be specific,this paper analyzes the relationship between the reform of national accomplishment and the development of powerful nation from the following three parts:“the concept of‘responsibility’and the background of Confucian educational thoughts”,“the reform of the old educational system and the cultivation of a new national personality”,and“the value and significance of the proposition of‘aesthetic education replacing religion’”,with a view to responding to the outstanding issues of contemporary education,and seeking for the solutions to the historical issues of the times.