值班律师有效法律帮助的理论反思与制度完善——基于C市值班律师制度的实证研究

The Theoretical Reconstruction and Mechanism Perfection on the Effective Legal Assistance of Duty lawyer

使被追诉人获得有效法律帮助,既是值班律师制度的应有之义,也是被追诉人自愿认罪认罚的重要前提。“两院三部”于2020年9月联合颁布的《法律援助值班律师工作办法》进一步保障了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼各个阶段获得有效的法律帮助。然而,在理论层面,学界将值班律师的有效法律帮助与辩护律师的有效辩护混同;在实践层面,值班律师的会见机制、司法审查机制以及配套保障机制仍有待落实。实际上,值班律师法律帮助属于有限辩护,有效法律帮助的认定标准也低于有效辩护。为此,宜从理论上明确值班律师法律帮助的有限辩护属性,重新审视有效法律帮助的实质内涵及判断标准;应从实践上在值班律师的履职层面和公权力机关的保障层面合力落实值班律师的会见权、阅卷权,改进有效法律帮助的司法审查机制,提高值班律师的履职质量,力求在当前立法框架下实现值班律师的有效法律帮助。

To ensure the accused to get effective legal assistance is not only the due significance of the duty lawyer system,but also an important prerequisite for the accused to voluntarily plead guilty.The Guide of Legal Aid Duty Lawyer promulgated in September 2020 further guarantees that criminal suspects and defendants receive effective legal assistance at all stages of criminal proceedings.However,the academic circle confused the effective legal assistance of duty lawyers with the effective defense of defense lawyers.In practice,the interview mechanism,judicial review mechanism and supporting mechanism of duty lawyers still need to be implemented.In fact,the legal assistance is a kind of limited defense,and the identification standard of effective legal assistance also lowers than that of effective defense.For this reason,the limited defense attribute of legal assistance of duty lawyers should be theoretically clarified,and the essence and judgment standard of effective legal assistance should be re-examined.In practice,joint efforts should be made to implement the right of meeting and reading case files of duty lawyers,improve the judicial review mechanism,and improve the performance of duty lawyers,aiming to achieve effective legal assistance of duty lawyers within the current legislative framework.