马克思的世界历史观及其当代价值

Marx’s View of World History and Its Contemporary Relevance

谁创造了世界历史、世界历史规律是否可知、世界历史是否应该通向永久和平,这三个问题构成了世界历史观的基本问题。德国古典哲学否定人是世界历史的创造者,康德认为世界历史规律不可知,黑格尔则放弃了永久和平的理想。马克思对上述唯心主义世界历史观作出了深刻批判。马克思认为,世界历史是人类通过劳动创造的,并且揭示了世界历史行进过程中的“两个必然”规律,提出通过消灭阶级斗争而实现永久和平的世界图景。马克思的世界历史观对于当代推动构建人类命运共同体、建构人类文明新形态的启发意义在于:和平和发展仍然是当今世界的主题,要进一步与具有当代资本逻辑新特点的历史虚无主义展开斗争,从而为构建人类命运共同体确立全人类共同价值。

Who created world history? Are the laws of world history knowable? Should world history lead to permanent peace? These are the basic questions of the world view of history. German classical philosophy denies that people are the creator of world history,Kant believed that the laws of world history are unknowable,and Hegel abandoned the ideal of permanent peace. Marx made a profound critique of the abovementioned idealistic view of world history. Marx believed that world history was created by human beings through labor,and revealed the two inevitable laws in the process of world history. He put forward a vision for achieving the world’s permanent peace by eliminating class struggle. The relevance of Marx’s world history concept for the contemporary building of a human community with a shared future and the construction of a new form of civilization is that peace and development are still the themes of today’s world history,and it is necessary to further fight against historical nihilism with new characteristics of contemporary capital logic,so as to establish common human values for building a human community with a shared future.