平台经济运行规律及对我国宏观经济治理的启示

The Operating Laws of the Platform Economy and Implications for China’s Macroeconomic Governance

平台经济凭借对大数据和数字技术的掌握,采取了区别于传统企业的运行方式和运行规律,形成了有组织、“有计划的市场”,提高了商品流通和资本周转的效率,重塑了生产与再生产的方式。平台经济的运行规律包括:通过大数据精准匹配供需,精准对接生产与消费;通过对数据和数字化基础设施的控制,联动各个产业部门;通过算法提高预测能力,提升经济运行的组织和计划性;通过规模效应和独占数据,形成全面垄断格局。以上规律可用精确性、全局性、有组织性、垄断性来概括。同时,平台经济运行中包含内在矛盾:平台模式的精确性不能消除竞争,仍然存在生产过剩;平台巨头分割了绝大部分利润,挤压了其他企业的生存空间;平台企业的组织和计划固化了支配与依赖的关系;平台企业的垄断和无序扩张激化了基本矛盾。认识和掌握平台经济的运行规律有助于推动我国完善宏观经济治理,国家需要对我国平台企业的资本逻辑进行规制,引导平台经济健康有序发展。

With big data and digital technology,the platform economy has adopted the operation mode and operation laws different from traditional enterprises,formed an organized and planned market,improved the efficiency of the commodity circulation and capital turnover,and reshaped the mode of production and reproduction. The operation laws of the platform economy include: matching supply and demand accurately through big data,and connecting production and consumption accurately;linking all industrial sectors with data and digital infrastructure;using algorithm to improve the prediction ability and the organization and planning of economic operations;and forming comprehensive monopoly through scale effect and the ownership of data. The above laws boil down to accuracy,wholeness,organization and monopoly. In addition,the operating laws contain inherent contradictions: the accuracy of the platform model cannot eliminate competition,and there is still overproduction;the platform giants seize most of the profits and squeeze the living space of other enterprises;the organization and plan of platform enterprises solidify the relationship between dominance and dependence;and the monopoly and disorderly expansion of platform enterprises intensify basic contradictions. The operation laws of the platform economy have laid the foundation for the improvement of China’s macroeconomic governance. The state needs to regulate the capital logic of China’s platform enterprises and guide the healthy and orderly development of the platform economy.