华南边疆开关与区域贸易格局变迁

Setting Customs along the South China Borderland and the Evolution of Regional Trade Pattern

近代以降,华南边疆的北海、龙州、梧州、南宁先后开关。税率改变、交通发展使各口岸对商品流通产生巨大导向作用,进而驱动区域贸易格局不断重构,华南边疆贸易中心出现“梧州—北海—梧州”的位移。贸易中心梧州因战争等因素而衰落,北海得以复兴,而梧州开关后得益于交通优势与税率降低,对内连接起广阔的腹地及层次分明的市场网络,对外与粤港建立了密切经济联系,促进了腹地及口岸的经济发展,在与北海的贸易竞争中取得优势,重新确立贸易中心地位。华南边疆贸易中心的位移不仅是各埠优势的发挥,也是列强竞争与掠夺的反映。

Since modern times,Customs were set successfully along the South China Borderland in Beihai,Longzhou, Wuzhou and Nanning. Ports created huge effect of guide to commodity circulation because of the change of tax rate and the development of transportation,thus promoted the continuous reconstruction of regional trade pattern. The trade center along the South China Borderland appeared a Wuzhou-Beihai-Wuzhou displacement. The former trade center Wuzhou declined because of wars,and Beihai thus revived. But after a custom was set in Wuzhou,benefiting from traffic superiority and low tax rate,domestically it faced the wide hinterland to constructed a market network with distinct layers, and externally it created close economic connection with Guangdong and Hong Kong,accelerating the economical development of hinterland and the port. Thus,in the trade competition with Beihai,Wuzhou got advantage,reconfirming the stand of trade center. The displacement of trade center along the frontier of South China was not only the play of every port’ s superiority,but also the reflection of competition among big foreign powers and their pillage in China.