论明清时期山东运河区域民风的二元性特征

On the Dual Features of Folk Customs in the Canal Area of Shandong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清山东运河区域社会变迁是严重受外力驱动的典型。由于受大运河影响的程度不同,山东运河区域各州县的民风呈现出显著的二元性特征。运河流经的济宁、聊城、临清以及张秋、台儿庄等城镇商业繁荣,崇商风气浓厚,奢靡之风盛行。距运河较远的州县未全面卷入大运河商贸圈,经济发展迟滞,呈现出以农为本,封闭保守的社会风气。腹地各州县士绅力量薄弱,正统权威影响弱小,异端思想流行。大运河在鲁西地区的经济辐射范围局限在直接流经的城镇,呈现出点带状分布的特征,未能将周边州县吸纳入大运河经济辐射圈内。

The social changes in the Shandong Canal area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are a typical example of severely driven by external forces.Due to the different degrees of influence by the Grand Canal,the folk customs of the states and counties in the Shandong Canal area show a significant duality.The towns such as Jining,Liaocheng,Linqing,Zhangqiu,and Taierzhuang,where the canal flows through,are prosperous in commerce,with a strong business ethos and the prevalence of luxury.The states and counties far away from the canal are not involved in the Grand Canal business circle,their economic development is sluggish,and they present an agricultural-oriented,closed and conservative social atmosphere.The power of the gentry in the hinterland states and counties is weak,the influence of orthodox authority is weak,and heretical ideas are popular.The economic radiation scope of the Grand Canal is limited to the cities and towns directly flowing through it and the surrounding states and counties have not been absorbed into the economic radiation circle of the Grand Canal.