昆明地区菊苗上优势种害虫的发生规律

Occurrence of dominant pests on chrysanthemum seedlings in Kunming

为明确菊苗上优势种害虫的发生规律及季节动态,采用五点取样法,利用粘虫板对2018—2020年温室种植的菊苗上优势种害虫进行调查,利用四分位法对优势种害虫发生期进行划分,同时分析了菊苗上优势种害虫的发生规律、季节动态及时间生态位。结果表明:西花蓟马在一年大部分时间均可危害菊苗,主要发生期集中在4—8月,3年的发生高峰分别在5月、6月和7月,此时西花蓟马的种群数量分别为636、1411和256头·板^(-1),西花蓟马的生态位宽度呈现逐年降低的趋势;菊潜叶蝇的生态位宽度较小,每年的危害主要集中在1—6月,主要发生期在3—6月,3年的发生高峰均在3月,此时菊潜叶蝇的种群数量可达256、239和124头·板^(-1);桃蚜和白粉虱在3年的生态位宽度较大,说明桃蚜和白粉虱在菊苗上的发生时间最长,主要发生期均在2—4月,发生高峰在全年内不固定。4种害虫间的生态位重叠指数相似,说明4种害虫在发生的时间维度上具有相似性且存在竞争关系。因此,在防治菊苗优势种害虫时应以西花蓟马和菊潜叶蝇为主,1—6月主要防治菊潜叶蝇,3—10月主要防治西花蓟马。

To clarify the occurrence pattern and seasonal dynamics of dominant pest insects,a five-point sampling method was used to investigate the dominant pests on chrysanthemum seedlings in greenhouse from 2018 to 2020 by using sticky board.The main occurrence periods of chrysanthemum pest insects were divided by quartile method.Meanwhile,the occurrence pattern,seasonal dynamics and temporal niche of the dominant pest insects were also analyzed.The results showed that Frankliniella occidentalis damaged chrysanthemum seedlings for most of the year.The main occurrence period was from April to August and peaked in May,June and July.Population size of F.occidentalis was 636,1411,and 256 individuals per sticky board in main occurrence period,respectively.The niche width of F.occidentalis decreased with the year.The ecological niche width of Phytomyza syngenesiae was relatively small,the damage mainly occurred from January to June,and the main occurrence period was from March to June.The occurrence peaked in March during the three years,with the population size of P.syngenesiae being 256,239,and 124 individuals per sticky board,respectively.The niche width of Myzus persicae and Trialeurodes vaporariorum was larger than that of F.occidentalis and P.syngenesiae in the three years,indicating that M.persicae and T.vaporariorum could hold longer occurrence time than other pests;the main occurrence period was from February to April,and the peak occurrence date was not fixed throughout the year.The similarity of niche overlap indices among the four species of pests indicated that they were similar and competitive in the temporal dimension of their occurrence.Therefore,the control of dominant pest insects on chrysanthemum seedlings should be focused on F.occidentalis from March to October and P.syngenesiae from January to June.