基层药师与全科医生团队合作的研究进展、挑战及应对策略

Collaboration between Primary Care Pharmacists and General Practitioner Teams:Recent Developments,Challenges and Countermeasures

随着药师的职能转变,其在基层医疗卫生机构提供药学服务的模式和内容发生了明显的变化,在与全科医生团队的合作中可发挥出更大的价值。本文阐述了国内外基层药师与全科医生团队合作的内容与模式,探讨目前合作对于改善患者临床结局、节约医疗开支和规范合理用药等方面的成效,总结出合作面临的挑战和困境,包括全科医生合作意愿低、患者对基层药师专业能力信心不足、基层药师的角色转换阻碍、额外增加医疗费用及基础设施不完善等。针对以上阻碍因素,本文提出明确基层药师在全科医生团队中的职责、构建激励制度和加强经费管理、加强基层药师培训和构建岗位胜任力评价体系、加强全科医生和药师的沟通和互信、优化合作模式5个方面的应对策略,旨在为推动我国基层药师与全科医生团队合作提供理论借鉴和策略支持。

With the transformation of the role of pharmacists,the model and content of pharmacy services in primary care delivered by them have changed significantly,and they may play a greater role in the collaboration with general practitioner teams.This paper elaborated the content and model of collaboration between primary care pharmacists and general practitioner teams globally,analyzed the current effects of collaboration on improving clinical outcomes of patients,saving medical expenses and standardizing rational use of medicines,and summarized the challenges and barriers to collaboration,including general practitioners’low willingness to collaborate,patients’lack of confidence in the professional competence of primary pharmacists,barriers to role conversion of primary care pharmacists,additional medical costs,and imperfect infrastructure,etc.In view of the above barriers,this paper proposed five coping strategies,including clearly defining the responsibility of pharmacists in general practitioner teams,developing the incentive system and improving the management of fund,enhancing the training for community pharmacists and constructing the position-specific competencies evaluation system,strengthening the communication and mutual trust between general practitioners and pharmacists,and optimizing the pattern of collaboration.All of these provide theoretical reference and strategic support for the development of the collaboration between primary care pharmacists and general practitioners teams in China.