域外制裁法的适用制度:欧盟经验与启示

Systems for the Application of Extraterritorial Sanctions Law:EU Experience and Inspirations

当今经济全球化背景下,国际民商事关系网相互交织,牵一发而动全身,经济制裁私法效果的外溢现象突出。关于域外制裁法在法院地的适用问题,我国立法及相关司法解释均未作出明确回答,而司法实践中常常将该问题转化为民法上的不可抗力问题,这种处理方式的模糊化易产生矛盾论断。在此问题上,欧盟将域外制裁法纳入国际私法体系中,明确域外制裁法的性质,或采取冲突法方法或采取实体法方法来处理域外制裁法,妥善解决其中所产生的法律冲突。为减少跛脚判决的发生,促进判决的国际一致,我国有必要有选择地借鉴欧盟经验,明晰域外制裁法的性质,统一域外制裁法的处理方式,谨慎处理其与阻断法之间的冲突。

In today's globalization context,the network of international civil and commercial relation is intertwined,whose whole body is susceptible to any detail,and the spillover phenomenon of the private law effects of economic sanctions is prominent.The question of the application of extraterritorial sanction law in the forum is not clearly answered in China's legislation and relevant judicial interpretations,and in judicial practice the question is often transformed into a civil law issue of force majeure,but the ambiguity of this treatment is prone to contradictory assertions.On this issue,the EU has incorporated the law of extraterritorial sanctions into the system of private international law,clarified the nature of the law of extraterritorial sanctions,or adopted a conflict of laws approach or a substantive law approach applying the law of extraterritorial sanctions to properly deal with the conflict of laws arising therefrom.In order to reduce the occurrence of lame-duck judgments and promote international consistency in judgments,it is necessary for China to selectively learn from the EU experience,clarify the nature of extraterritorial sanctions law,unify the application method of extraterritorial sanctions law and cautiously deal with its conflict of laws with blocking statutes.