沈德潜早年诗名传播问题考辨

A Textual Research on the Spreading of Shen Deqian's Fame as a Poet in His Early Years

沈德潜是清代乾隆诗坛盟主,晚年因乾隆皇帝恩遇而宦达。据袁枚等清代学者记述,其在壮年时期,就曾因鄂尔泰编选的《南邦黎献集》受知于皇四子弘历。对《南邦黎献集》进行考证,可知这一说法存在诸多漏洞,但沈德潜早年即有诗名当为事实。进士及第之前,沈德潜通过坐馆、求学、修志等交游活动,已被名流文士与朝廷官员所欣赏,诗名不仅在吴中地区日益流传,亦远播至浙中、京师等地。其时,沈德潜高扬诗教精神,树立唐诗典范,融合格调与神韵,思想的正统性契合了康乾之际的诗学转捩,是被主流诗坛接纳的深层原因。

Shen Deqian was the leader of Qianlong poetry in the Qing Dynasty.At his twilight,he enjoyed a high statue owing to Qianlong’s admiration.According to the accounts of scholars in the Qing Dynasty such as Yuan Mei,Shen Deqian got to be known by Qianlong who was the fourth son of the emperor at the time,because of the collection of Nanbang Lixian compiled by Ertai in the third year of Yongzheng.The textual research of Nanbang Lixian found that there are many blunders in this statement,but it is a fact that Shen Deqian was famous for his poetry in his early years.Before Qianlong period,he had been appreciated by many celebrities,delivering his knowledge in other personal libraries,studying and revising his aspirations.His poems were not only spread in the Wuzhong area,but promoted to mid-Zhejiang,Beijing and other places.At that time,Shen Deqian promoted the spirit of poetry education,established the model of Tang poetry,and integrated style and charm.The orthodoxy of thought fitted the poetic transition during the Kang-Qian period,which is the deep reason for his acceptance by the mainstream poetry circles.