新时代国土空间功能的科学认知与研究框架

Scientific cognition and research framework of territorial space function in the New Era

中国正面临着城乡土地结构失衡、国土空间开发失序、地域主体功能失调等诸多问题,这给新时代国土空间开发、保护与治理带来巨大压力和挑战。国土空间功能作为架构国土空间规划理论体系与实践框架的重要内容,也是考察人与自然和谐共生的重要刻度。基于当前重大战略决策的理论与现实诉求,指出地域功能是衍生国土空间功能概念的逻辑起点,人地关系地域系统理论是构建国土空间功能理论体系的内核,而空间整合是国土空间功能理论体系演进的重要向度;从战略决策、主体功能、底线管控、用途管制、分区管治、空间协同等六个方面构建了国土空间功能理论认知模型(雪花模型),辨析了新时代国土空间功能研究的科学价值;对新时代国土空间功能研究的学理认知、分类识别、演化机制、动态权衡等基本问题域进行讨论,初步构建了国土空间功能的研究框架。

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization, China is facing many problems,such as the imbalance between urban and rural land structure, the disorder of territorial spatial development, and the regional difference. Especially, the confusion, conflict, and degradation of territorial space function are very serious, which has brought great pressure and challenges to the territorial spatial development, protection, and governance in the New Era. As an important part of the theoretical system and practical framework of structured territorial spatial planning, territorial space function referred to develop, control, and protect space according to a scheme confirmed by territorial spatial planning under the specific regional spatial scope and the human-environment interaction, with the purpose of satisfying human demands or enhancing human well-being, so as to provide utility of different products and services for human society directly or indirectly. The territorial space function was also an important scale to investigate the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. To establish the theory and reality demands of the current major strategic decisions, this paper pointed out that the regional function theory was the logical starting point of territorial space function, the theory of territorial system of human-earth interaction was the core of constructing the theory system of territorial space function, and the spatial integration was an important dimension in the evolution of the theoretical system of territorial space function. A theoretical cognitive model of territorial space function(snowflake model) was constructed from the aspects of strategic decision-making, major function, baseline control, use regulation, zoning governance and spatial coordination, in which the strategic decision-making was the policy guidance for the territorial space function, the major function was the overall plan for the spatial function pattern, the baseline control was the basic premise to realize the territorial space function, the use regulation was the institutional guarantee to strengthen the territorial space function, the zoning governance was an effective way to optimize the territorial space function, and the spatial coordination was the fundamental goal of regulating the territorial space function.Facing the needs of serving national important strategic decisions, optimizing territorial spatial development pattern and sustainable development, this paper discussed the basic problem domains of territorial space function research in the New Era, such as theoretical cognition,classification and identification, evolution mechanism and dynamic trade-off, by which a preliminary research framework of territorial space function was constructed.