国土空间规划中水生态空间及保护线的多维识别技术与应用

Multi-dimensional identification technology and application of water ecological space and protection line in the territorial spatial planning

水资源短缺制约了很多城市的发展,而水资源的可持续利用潜力与承载能力与水生态空间密切相关。综合考虑水生态空间的系统性和完整性,以济南市为例界定了水生态系统的功能属性,明晰了水生态空间和水生态保护线的基本概念,利用GIS空间分析技术,并协同多种涉水规划,集成水生态系统的复杂功能,提出了水生态空间和水生态保护线划定技术方法,对于城市水生态系统保护及优化国土空间格局具有重要支撑作用。研究结果表明:济南市水生态保护线面积为1992.2 km^(2),水生态保护线面积仅占水生态空间的60.2%,两者的保护范围有明显差异。从不同维度表征了济南市水生态系统保护空间的分布特点,其中,陆域空间是保障水生态系统服务功能的重要组成部分,滨水岸线是水生态系统最脆弱的区域,水文化空间还有很大潜力有待挖掘,济南市在保障水安全和改善水环境等保护目标上面临较大压力。

The urban development is mainly restricted by the shortage of water resources. The potential of sustainable utilization and carrying capacity of water resources are closely related to the water ecological space. Taking Jinan as an example, this research clarified the basic definition of water ecological space and water ecological protection line by comprehensively considering the systematism and integrity of water ecosystem;defined the functional attributes of water ecosystem;proposed the technical methods for identifying water ecological space and water ecological protection line, based on various water-related plans and integrating complex water ecosystem functions, and the Geographic Information System(GIS) spatial analysis technology. This research can help to protect urban water ecosystem and optimize territorial spatial pattern. The results show that the area of water ecological space in Jinan is 3307.5 km^(2),and the area of water ecological protection line is 1992.2 km^(2), accounting for only 60.2% of water ecological space. There are obvious differences between the two protection scopes. From a multi-dimensional perspective, the protection of water ecosystem presents different characteristics. Specifically, territorial space is an important part in ensuring the service function of water ecosystem;waterfront is the most vulnerable area of water ecosystem;and there is still great potential for water cultural space to be tapped. Jinan is under great pressure to protect water security and improve water environment.