论积累和消费——基于马克思两大部类模型的一项研究

On Accumulation and Consumption——A Study Based on Marx’s Model of Two Major Departments

积累和消费是国民经济中最为重要的关系之一。已往的研究尽管在积累和消费关系的意义、决定积累和消费比例的因素、最优积累率或最优消费比率的含义和范围以及社会主义条件下积累和消费的性质等方面取得了颇为丰富的成果,但仍需对积累与消费的比例及其变动规律进行更加具体的定量研究,并以此为基础提出相关的政策建议。本文从马克思关于社会总产品构成的原理及其相关假定出发,首先由简单再生产和扩大再生产的实现条件揭示第一部类积累率和第二部类积累率之间的内在联系;然后,在两大部类积累率内在联系的基础上,探讨整个社会的总积累率和总消费比率的决定和变动规律;最后,由整个社会的总积累率和总消费比率的变动规律,说明如何将政府调控和市场机制有机地结合起来,实现整个社会的最优积累率和最优消费比率。

Accumulation and consumption is one of the most important relationships in the national economy.The previous studies have made rich achievements in the meaning of the relationship between accumulation and consumption,the factors that determine the proportion of accumulation and consumption,the meaning and scope of the optimal accumulation rate or optimal consumption rate,and the nature of the accumulation and consumption under socialist conditions.However,more specific quantitative studies on the proportion of accumulation and consumption and its changing rules are still needed,and relevant policy recommendations are put forward on this basis.This paper first reveals the internal relationship between the accumulation rates of the two major departments based on Marx’s principles of the composition of total social products and relevant assumptions about the conditions for the realization of expanded reproduction;Then,on the basis of the internal relationship between the accumulation rates of the two major departments,it discusses the determination and change rules of the total accumulation rate and the total consumption rate of the whole society;Finally,according to the change law of the total accumulation rate and the total consumption rate of the whole society,it explains how to organically combine government regulation and market mechanism to achieve the optimal accumulation rate and consumption rate of the whole society.