清代中期长江中下游地区的市场整合与地区分工模式的演变

Evolution of Market Integration and Regional Division of Labor in the Middle and Lower Regions of the Yangtze River in Middle Qing Dynasty

清代长江中下游两大区域之间形成典型的地区分工模式和专业化生产格局,长江下游地区输出劳动密集型的手工业商品,中游地区输出粮食、木材等土地密集型商品,两个区域发挥各自的优势,促成两大地区间数量巨大的大宗商品交换和物资流动,长江流域成为明清时期最重要的国内远程贸易区域。本文基于清代粮价数据,从市场整合程度、价格的空间相互作用、地区价格差三个维度对长江中下游地区1738-1820年的市场发展过程、贸易条件和地区分工模式的演变进行初步的分析,通过分析市场扩张现象的阶段性过程,对“斯密型增长”的动态发展过程以及何时达到其极限等问题作出初步的探索,进而考察长江中下游区域间经济关系的演变及其经济影响。

A reciprocal pattern of regional division of labor and specialized production had become typical in the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River during the Qing dynasty.In this pattern,the lower Yangtze region exported manufactured commodities,such as cloth,silk and salt,to the middle Yangtze region,while the middle Yangtze region exported rices to the lower Yangtze region.With huge amounts of goods transported along the Yangtze river,both of the regions had developed their comparative advantages and benifited from the regional division pattern.This paper investigates the evolution of market integration and regional division of labor during 1738 and 1820.Based on the grain pirce data sets,we measure the degree of market integration quantitatively,study the trade condition by comparing the grain price gap,and explore the spatial interaction of price in the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River.Finally this paper discusses the turning point of Smithan Growth and aims to understand the change of economic relationships between the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River during the 18 th and 19 th century.