局部阴影下光伏电池最大功率点跟踪方法

Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic cells under partial shading conditions

随着能源和环境问题的日益严重,太阳能作为一种绿色可再生能源得到大力发展。光伏发电是太阳能利用最常见的形式,最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)是提高光伏发电效率的有效途径之一。由于光伏发电系统所处环境复杂,部分组件被遮挡的问题难以避免,传统的跟踪算法可能出现误判。针对此问题,文中以局部阴影下最大功率点跟踪控制为主线展开研究,分析光伏发电原理,搭建了4串2并结构的光伏阵列。通过仿真和编程探究了阵列在局部阴影下的输出特性并总结规律。在此基础上,对最大功率点跟踪进行了理论分析,并基于粒子群算法设计出了有效的控制方法,实现了局部阴影下最大功率点跟踪。最后利用Simulink进行仿真,验证了算法的可行性。

With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, solar energy, as a green renewable energy, has been greatly developed. Photovoltaic power generation is the most common form of solar energy utilization, and maximum power point tracking(MPPT) is one of the effective ways to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. Due to the complex environment of the PV generation system, it is difficult to avoid partial shading conditions(PSCs), and the traditional tracking algorithm may have misjudgment. Aiming at this problem, the paper takes the MPPT control of photovoltaic array as the main line. The principle of photovoltaic power generation is analyzed, and a 4-series 2-parallel photovoltaic array is built. Through simulation and programming, the output characteristics of arrays under PSCs are explored and the rules are summarized. On this basis, the MPPT is theoretically analyzed, and an effective control method is designed based on particle swarm optimization algorithm, which realizes the maximum power point tracking under PSCs. The PSO MPPT algorithm is simulated by Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.