吸附法分离盐湖卤水中锂的研究进展

Research Progress of Lithium Separation from Salt Lake Brine by Adsorption Method

锂及其化合物是重要的化工原料,因其优越和独特的性能,需求量逐年增加。锂矿床类型主要有锂辉石、锂云母、透锂长石等固体型和盐湖型等液体矿。固体锂矿经过多年开发,采富弃贫,品质已临近经济下限,开发利用盐湖卤水和油田卤水中的锂资源日益受到重视。中国盐湖资源丰富,主要分布在青藏高原地区。盐湖中蕴藏着大量的锂资源,广泛应用于能源、化工、高科技等工业生产及居民生活领域,为保障资源供给和能源安全,分离盐湖中的锂资源十分迫切和必要。锂分离技术有吸附法、膜法、化学沉淀法、萃取法、结晶法、浮选法等,这些方法各有优势和不足,而吸附法适用于低品位、高浓盐、高镁锂比盐湖卤水中锂的分离。为此,总结了有关吸附法(电吸附)分离盐湖卤水中锂的原理、进展和优缺点,并总结和提出其发展方向。

Lithium and its compounds are important chemical raw materials.Due to their superior and unique properties,the demand for lithium and its compounds is increasing year by year.The lithium deposits mainly include solid type such as spodumene,lithium mica,lithiated feldspar and liquid type such as salt lake brine.Considering solid lithium ore,after years of development,the development of high-quality,discard low-grade,quality is close to the economic limit.Therefore,the development and utilization of lithium resources in salt lake brine and oilfield brine has received increasing attention.China is rich in salt lake resources,mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.There are a lot of lithium resources in salt lakes,which are widely used in energy,chemical industry,science and technology and other industrial production and residential life.Therefore,in order to ensure the supply of resources and energy,the separation of lithium resources in salt lakes is very urgent and necessary.Lithium separation technology includes membrane method,chemical precipitation method,extraction method,crystallization method,flotation method,and so on.These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages,while the adsorption method is suitable for the separation of lithium in salt lake brine with low grade,high concentrated salt and high magnesium-lithium ratio.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to summarize the principle,progress,advantages and disadvantages of lithium separation from salt lake brine by adsorption(electro-adsorption),and to summarize and put forward its development direction.