消防救援队伍石油储罐火灾实战处置能力建设工作初探

Preliminary study on the construction of oil storage tank fire combat disposal capability of fire and rescue team

随着我国石油化工产业的日趋完善,储油罐装置逐渐向大型化趋势发展,10万t、15万t大型油罐将成为我国油品储存装置发展的必然趋势。然而,随着油罐体积的不断增加,石油储罐火灾发生的概率也在显著增加,事故发生过程中普遍伴随着高温、沸溢、喷溅甚至爆炸事故的发生,导致灾情处置的实际难度也随之相应增大。通过对石油储罐火灾实战处置过程中的常用工艺处置措施及基本灭火流程进行系统性介绍,针对队伍油罐火灾实战处置能力建设工作提出了切实可行的指导意见,力争为我国各级消防救援队伍参与同种类型灾情的实战处置或队伍实战化训练工作机制的开展提供参考。

With the improvement of petrochemical industry in our country, oil storage tank equipment is gradually developing towards large scale. Large oil tanks of 100,000 tons and 150,000 tons will become an inevitable trend in the development of oil storage devices in our country. However, with the continuous increase in the volume of oil tanks, the probability of oil storage tank fires is also increasing significantly. The occurrence of high temperature, boiling overflow,splashing and even explosion accidents is generally accompanied in the process of accidents, resulting in a corresponding increase in the actual difficulty of disaster disposal. The paper systematically introduces the common process disposal measures and basic fire extinguishing procedures in the actual combat disposal of oil storage tank fires. Practical guiding opinions are put forward for the construction of the team’s oil tank fire actual combat disposal capacity.We strive to provide references for the development of the working mechanism of fire and rescue teams at all levels to participate in the actual combat disposal of the same type of disaster situation or the actual combat training of the team.