长白山苔原带土壤跳虫群落组成和表聚性特征研究

Community composition and surface aggregation characteristics of soil collembola in Changbai Mountain Tundra

跳虫是土壤动物群落的重要组成部分,且对环境变化非常敏感,极端环境条件下跳虫的组成和分布特征研究相对不足。为了解高山苔原带土壤跳虫群落的组成和分布特征,于2021年7月和8月在长白山北坡苔原带进行了土壤跳虫取样调查。研究采用了Vortis采样器采集土壤表面0 cm跳虫,采用土钻采集土壤层(0~5 cm和5~15 cm)跳虫来完整揭示土壤跳虫的群落组成。研究共收集土壤跳虫3 958只,隶属于9科25属34种。结果表明,采用吸虫器和土钻相结合的方法能够获得更完整的土壤跳虫群落;3种土壤深度的跳虫群落组成、丰富度和多样性指数均存在显著差异且呈现出明显的表聚性特征(0~5 cm);研究筛选出指示跳虫物种17种,土壤表面0 cm的指示物种12种,土壤0~5 cm的指示物种5种,2个土壤层次指示物种明显不同,土壤5~15 cm无指示物种;总氮、总碳和碳氮比是影响跳虫群落的主要因素。本研究可为长白山地生物多样性保护和生态系统评估提供科学的理论依据。

Collembola is an important part of soil animal community, and is very sensitive to environmental changes.The study on composition and distribution characteristics of Collembola under extreme environmental conditions is relatively insufficient.In order to understand the composition and distribution characteristics of soil Collembola community in alpine tundra, soil Collembola were sampled in July and August 2021 in the alpine tundra of the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.In order to reveal the community composition of soil Collembola, the Vortis sampler was used to collect 0 cm soil surface Collembola, and the soil drill was used to collect Collembola in 0~5 cm and 5~15 cm soil layers.A total of 3 958 soil Collembola were collected, belonging to 9 families, 25 genus and 34 species;The results showed that the combination of insect sucker and soil drill could obtain more complete soil Collembola community;The community composition, abundance and diversity index of Collembola communities at the three soil depths were significantly different and showed apparent aggregation(0~5 cm);Seventeen Collembola indicator species were screened, there were 12 indicator species of 0 cm soil surface, 5 indicator species of 0~5 cm soil, two soil layers indicator species obviously different, soil 5~15 cm no indicator species;Total nitrogen(TN),total carbon(TC) and C/N ratio were the main factors affecting the Collembola community.This study can provide scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem assessment in Changbai Mountain.