经皮无水乙醇注射治疗甲状腺结节:老方法的新认识

Percutaneous ethanol ablation for thyroid nodules:new perspectives on an old paradigm

经皮无水乙醇注射(PEI)是治疗甲状腺结节常用的方法之一。目前指南推荐其作为复发性甲状腺囊肿的首选治疗方式,亦有研究发现其对实性和混合性结节、自主功能性结节甚至低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌和复发性甲状腺癌都有一定的疗效。PEI的疗效主要受结节囊性成分的影响,而对于实性为主的冷、热结节及低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌和复发性甲状腺癌疗效均不优于热消融治疗。由于操作方便、价格低廉、并发症发生率低,PEI在甲状腺结节治疗中仍占有重要的一席之地。

Percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)is one of the most commonly used methods for treating thyroid nodules.The current guidelines recommend PEI as the primary treatment for recurrent thyroid cysts.Recent studies have found that PEI also have certain effects on solid and mixed nodules,autonomous functional thyroid nodule,low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and recurrent thyroid cancers.The efficacy of PEI is mainly affected by the cystic components of nodules.For solid cold and hot nodules,low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and recurrent thyroid cancers,the therapeutic effect is not superior to that of thermal ablation.However,PEI still plays an important role in the treatment of thyroid nodules because of its advantages of easy operation,low costs and low incidence of complications.