高精度铝合金管材热挤压设备与工艺的研制

Development of the hot extrusion equipment and process for high-precision aluminum alloy tubes

国内铝加工厂采用常规技术生产的铝合金管材精度不高,我国航空航天用的高精度铝合金管材主要靠进口。因此,国家立项自主研发高精度铝合金管材热挤压生产线,本单位负责研制国内首台立式双动铝合金挤压机与配套热挤压工艺。为了达到高精度要求,本项目采用了立式铸锭、立式均温、立式双动挤压机、石墨垫片、特制的挤压工模具、内涨式牵引机等一系列新结构、新技术。通过现场铝合金管材试生产表明:本项目的设备、工艺、挤压管材各项指标都达到了技术要求,特别是挤压生产的铝合金管材壁厚偏差仅为2%~3%,精度远高于国内现有技术水平。

The high-precision aluminum alloy tubes used in China′s aerospace industry are mainly imported due to the low precision of aluminum alloy tubes produced by domestic aluminum processing plants using conventional technology. Therefore, the state has set up an independent research and development project of the hot extrusion production line for high-precision aluminum alloy tubes. Our company in this project is responsible for the development of the first vertical double-acting aluminum alloy extrusion equipment and the supporting hot extrusion process in China. In order to meet the high precision requirements, we adopt a series of new structures and new technologies, such as vertical ingot, vertical uniform temperature, vertical double-acting extrusion equipment, graphite gasket, special extrusion tools and dies, and the internal expansion type traction machine. The on-site trial production of aluminum alloy tubes shows that our equipment, process and extrusion products have met the technical requirements. Especially, the wall thickness deviation of aluminum alloy tubes produced with our new structures and new technologies is merely 2%-3%, the precision of which is far higher than that produced with the domestic existing methods.