骥足以责:儒墨比较视域中的墨子责任伦理思想

Whip a Swift Horse:Mozi’s Ethics of Responsibility in the Comparative View of Confucianism and Mohism

墨子阐释并建构了独特而又丰富的责任伦理思想。根据责任的意义、责任的特征和责任的内容,它包括三个方面:一是“贵义”的道德责任价值取向,二是注重功利追求的责任伦理特征,三是以强力和利天下为基本内容的责任伦理结构。墨子责任伦理思想是基于对现实社会各种问题和小生产者利益诉求而建构起来的,并且把不同主体、不同层面的责任建立在对功利的追求上,具有较为浓厚的现实主义特质,它对于消除某些过度崇拜工具理性和过分追求个人权利而导致责任缺失的道德危机现象具有一定的启发意义。

Mozi explained and constructed unique and rich ethical thoughts of responsibility. According to the meaning, characteristics and contents of responsibility, it includes three aspects. The first is the value orientation of“valuing righteousness”of moral responsibility;the second is the ethical characteristics of responsibility focusing on the pursuit of utility;the third is the ethical structure of responsibility with the basic content of strength and benefiting the world. Mozi’s ethical thought of responsibility is based on the demands of various social problems and the interests of small producers. Mozi’s ethical thought of responsibility, which bases the responsibility of different subjects and different levels on the pursuit of utility, has a strong realistic characteristic. It has certain enlightening significance for solving the moral crisis phenomenon of the lack of responsibility caused by the excessive expansion of instrumental rationality and individual rights in contemporary society.