论先秦楚辞和《山海经》对雷神的书写

On the Writing of Thunder God in Chuci(楚辞)and Shan-hai Jing

《楚辞·招魂》中记载的雷渊就是蒲昌海,也叫罗布泊,这是汤炳正等学者的研究结论。蒲昌海的地理形势和自然生态可以与《楚辞·招魂》中对西部地区的描写相互印证。《山海经·海内东经》中提到的雷泽,实际上是雷渊,也在蒲昌海地区。其中的地名吴西,又叫大西,指遥远的西方。它与《诗经》中所说的大东,《管子》和《国语·齐语》中提到的西吴和西虞两个地名,能够互相印证。在《离骚》和《远游》两篇作品中有抒情主人公定向神游的情节,其中雷泽都出现在遥远的西方。《韩诗外传》和《山海经·大荒东经》中记载的雷神位于东方,与处于西方的雷神形成两极分立的格局。《易传》把雷的生成方位定在东方,被纳入古代的“五行说”,成为古代中国的传统观念。而《远游》把雷神与西方相配,虽然与“五行说”有相通之处,却未能成为中国主流文化的构成因素。

Lei Yuan recorded in Chu Ci:Summoning Souls is Puchang Hai(蒲昌海),also known as Lop Nur.This is the research conclusion of Tang Bingzheng and other scholars.Puchanghai’s geographical situation and natural ecology can be mutually confirmed with the description of the western region in Summoning Souls.The Leize mentioned in Shan-hai Jing:Hainei East Sutra is actually Leiyuan,also lies in Puchanghai area.The place name Wuxi,also known as Daxi,refers to the far west.It can be mutually confirmed with the place name of Dadong in The Book of Songs,Xiwu and Xiyu mentioned in Guanzi and Guoyu:Qiyu.In Lisao and Far Travel,there are plot of the lyric protagonist’s directed wandering,in which Leize appears in the far west.The thunder god recorded in Hanshiwaizhuan and Shan-hai Jing:Dahuang East Sutra is located in the East,forming a bipolar separation pattern with the Thor in the West.The Book of Changes set the formation direction of thunder in the East,which is incorporated with ancient“Five Elements Theory”and became a traditional concept in ancient China.Far Travel matches thunder god with the West,though it has something in common with the“Five Elements Theory”,it did not become a constituent factor of Chinese mainstream culture.