北魏孝武帝即位因素再研究——兼説孝武西奔的意義

Restudy on the Emperor Xiaowu's Accession to the Throne in the Northern Wei Dynasty:Concurrently Discuss the Significance of Emperor Xiaowu's Migration to Chang'an

學界在分析高歡立元脩(孝武帝)爲帝的因素時,過於關注孝文帝血統的影響與河北大族的脅迫.其實,"高祖不可無後"僅是高歡廢黜元恭、元朗的政治藉口,河北大族則只是希望廢黜元恭、立年幼者爲帝,但並未提出具體的人選.當時立足未穩的高歡,應是倉促接受了在洛陽擁有相當實力的斛斯椿的建議,纔立元脩爲帝,這埋下了北魏分裂的伏筆.元脩最終西奔關中,在宏觀層面使西魏占據了對東魏的正統優勢.不過在分析地方大族的政治取向時,需要注意現實局勢的變化,不能以正統因素一言以蔽之.

When analyzing the reasons of Gao Huan established Yuan Xiu(Emperor Xiaowu)as the emperor,scholars paid too much attention to the influence of Emperor Xiaowen and the coercion of the clans from Hebei.In fact,“Emperor Xiaowen cannot have no descendants”was a political cover for Gao Huan to depose the former Emperors Yuan Gong and Yuan Lang,while the clans from Hebei only hoped to depose Yuan Gong and choose a young emperor but did not propose specific candidates.Gao Huan established Yuan Xiu as emperor mainly because of the urgent war and unstable political situation.He accepted the proposal from Husi Chun who still had considerable strength in Luoyang.From the results,it foreshadowed the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty.Yuan Xiu finally went west to Chang'an,which made the Western Wei Dynasty occupy the orthodox advantage at the macro level.However,when considering the political orientation of local clans,it is necessary to note the changes in real interests and cannot be summarized only by the orthodoxy of the dynasty.