大学生学习过程中的时间互动:效应及类型研究

Time Interaction in the Learning Process of University Students: Effects and Types

培养自主学习能力是人类实现终身学习的先决条件,而大学生对学习时间的控制是自主学习的重要判定依据。大学生与学习时间存在互动关系,这影响着学生个体参与学习的全过程,进而影响教育产出及质量。以投入时间、时间规划性互动和时间结构性互动构建大学生学习过程中时间互动的概念内涵,依托“国家大学生学情调查研究数据库”,通过聚类分析方法得到虚掷型、懒散型、高效型和均衡型四种时间互动类型。不同类型学生在个人背景因素上各有其分布特征,并在知识、技能和情感三个学习收获维度上存在显著差异,证实了关注大学生学习过程中时间互动类型的价值意义。基于此,大学生学习理论与质量发展需要时间互动支持大学生主导的学习过程,高校在进行宏观人才培养制度设计时应考虑加入时间维度,在具体的教育实践中对大学生成长成才的引导需要强化时间要素,同时也应引导大学生个体考虑时间互动的价值提升。

Developing the ability to learn independently is a prerequisite for human beings to achieve lifelong learning.The control of learning time by university students is an important basis for determining independent learning.There is an interactive relationship between university students and learning time,which affects the whole process of individual student participation in learning,and consequently the output and quality of education.The concept of time interaction among university students is conceptualized by the input time,time planning interaction and time structure interaction.Based on the"National College Student Survey",four types of time interaction among university students are obtained through cluster analysis:assiduous and unproductive type,lazy type,efficient type and balanced type.Different types of students have their own distribution characteristics in terms of personal background factors,and there are significant differences in the three learning gain dimensions of knowledge,skills and emotion,which confirm the value of paying attention to the types of time interactions of university students.Based on this,the development of learning theory in colleges and universities needs the support of time interaction for the dominant position of university students.Colleges and universities should consider adding the time dimension when designing the macro talent cultivation system,and the guidance of university students'growth and success in specific educational practice needs to strengthen the time element,and also should guide students to consider the value enhancement of time interaction.