基于智力障碍学生需求的特殊教育学校景观环境设计研究

Landscape Environment Design of Special Education School based on the Needs of Students with Intellectual Disabilities

智力障碍学生先天缺陷导致其对校园景观环境具有特殊需求。文章通过实地调研发现特殊学校景观环境设计存在不足,结合文献及访谈分析总结智力障碍学生的身心特征及需求,在此基础上,运用层次分析法(AHP)构建特殊教育学校景观环境要素评价体系;通过调研师生及家长群体对特殊教育学校景观环境要素重要性的综合排序,基于智力障碍学生需求,从保障整体安全、促进无障碍化、增强环境体验、拓宽社交路径、优化空间分区五方面提出特殊教育学校景观环境设计策略并进行设计实践。

The congenital defects of students with mental retardation lead to their unique needs for campus landscape environment.Through field research,it is found that the landscape environment design of special schools is insufficient.Based on the literature and interview analysis,the physical and mental characteristics and needs of students with mental retardation are summarized,and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)is used to construct the evaluation system of landscape environment elements in special education schools.By investigating the importance of teachers,students and parents to the landscape environment elements of special education schools,based on the needs of students with mental retardation,the landscape environment design strategies of special education schools are proposed and practiced from five aspects:ensuring overall safety,promoting accessibility,enhancing environmental experience,broadening social paths and optimizing spatial division.