基于包容性理论的公共卫生间大便器设计研究

Research on the Design of Public Toilet Toilets based on the Theory of Inclusion

文章从包容性理论的角度,在现有公共卫生间基础上,在不改变基本的公共卫生间格局的限制条件下设计出一款能够满足各个用户群体的多样化和差异化需求且节省成本、能快速安装的大便器。通过查阅与公共卫生间现状与布局、不同人群的特征及需求差异以及包容性设计理论相关的文献、专利及设计成果,并分析研究现有公共卫生间的现状和问题、各个人群的需求差异问题以及公共卫生间大便器的包容性问题,运用包容性理论以及人机工学理论,从如厕方式、人群需求、安装方式以及卫生健康等层面对城市公厕大便器进行功能拓展,对外观及内部结构进行创新设计,以达到提升公共卫生间包容度,以及满足不同人群对公厕的使用需求、减少病菌传播且能提升用户人群的使用体验的设计目的。以包容性理论对公共卫生间大便器的设计实践进行指导,既能为设计实践提供理论支撑,亦能为包容性设计理论提供实践参考。

From the perspective of inclusive theory,based on the existing public restroom,this paper designs a toilet that can meet the diversified and differentiated needs of various user groups and save costs and can be installed quickly under the condition of not changing the basic public restroom pattern.By reviewing the literature,patents and related design achievements related to the current situation and layout of public toilets,the characteristics and differences in needs of different groups of people,and the theory of inclusive design,we will analyze and study the current status of existing public health issues,the differences in the needs of various populations,and the inclusiveness of public toilet toilets.Through inclusive theory and ergonomics,the function expansion,appearance and internal structure of urban public toilet toilets are innovatively designed from the aspects of toilet access,crowd demand,installation methods and health and hygiene.It aims to improve the inclusiveness of public toilets and meet the needs of different groups of people for the use of public toilets,reduce the spread of germs,and improve the user experience of users.Using inclusive theory to guide the design practice of public toilet toilets can not only provide theoretical support for design practice,but also provide practical reference for inclusive design theory.