理解的可传递问题的合理性研究

Research on the Rationality of Transitivity Problem of Understanding

理解的可传递问题——理解是否可通过证言传递,是当代理解论的重要问题。扎格泽博斯基等反对者主张,理解无法通过证言传递,因为理解是一种能力,且理解的传递涉及额外的认知工作。格林等支持者认为,能力能够通过证言传递,且当听者具备理解所需的背景能力和背景知识时,理解的传递不涉及额外的认知工作。两个维度的现有研究都采用了质性研究方法,错误地把理解的可传递问题视为“是-否”的定性问题,而不是与主体认识程度相关的量化问题。认知程度主义采用了量化立场与方法,认为理解是有程度之分的,并借助最大理解概念来量化理解度。从理解度视角上看,所有理解都能通过证言传递,只是存在程度之别。

It is an important issue in the contemporary theory of understanding whether the speaker can transmit understanding to the listener by testimony, which is called the transitivity problem of understanding,is an important issue in the contemporary theory of understanding. Opponents such as Zagzebski argue that understanding is an ability, and that the transmission of understanding involves additional cognitive work, therefore understanding can not be transmitted by testimony. Supporters such as Grimm argue that understanding can be transmitted by testimony, because abilities can be transmitted by testimony, and that understanding does not involve additional cognitive work when the listener has the relevant background abilities and background knowledge.The existing studies in both dimensions adopt qualitative research methods, and mistakenly regard the transitivity problem of understanding as a qualitative question of “yes or no” rather than a quantitative question related to the degrees of cognitive state of subjects. Epistemic gradualism takes a quantitative position and approach, which holds that there are degrees of understanding, and quantify the degree of understanding through the concept of maximum understanding. From the perspective of the degree of understanding, all kinds of understanding can be transmitted by testimony, but the improvement of the listener’s degrees of understanding is different.