兼顾公平与效率的无人机应急中继通信选址优化问题

Location optimization of UAV emergency relay communication considering fairness and efficiency

为提高应急救援中无人机应急中继通信资源配置的公平与效率,在考虑无人机中继通信覆盖范围限制、各受灾用户集群点分布情况、受灾群众公平性感知的基础上,构建以最大化系统吞吐量为效率目标、最小化受灾群众公平损失值为公平目标的无人机应急中继通信选址多目标0-1非线性整数规划模型,采用基于k-means的模拟退火算法对其进行求解,并以实际案例为背景构造算例,验证本文提出模型和算法的可行性与有效性,并进行多目标分析及参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明:本文提出的模型和算法能在较短时间得到无人机应急中继通信选址方案,保证所有受灾用户集群点获得通信中继;同时,确定最佳无人机设备数量,验证公平目标与效率目标存在悖反关系。

In order to improve the fairness and efficiency of UAV emergency relay communication resource allocation in emergency rescue.A multi-objective 0-1 nonlinear integer programming model for UAV emergency relay communication location with the maximum system throughput as efficiency object and the minimum fair loss of affected people as fairness object was constructed on the basis of considering the coverage limitation of UAV relay communication,the distribution of each affected user cluster point and the fairness perception of the affected people.The simulated annealing algorithm based on k-means was designed to solve the model.Finally,the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake was selected as the case background,then an example was constructed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm,and the multi-objective analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis were conducted.The results showed that the proposed model and algorithm could obtain the UAV emergency relay communication location scheme within the acceptable time range,and ensure that all the affected user cluster points obtain communication relay.At the same time,the optimal number of UAV equipment was determined,which verified that there was a paradox relationship between the fairness goal and the efficiency goal.