联通主义的哲学观及其对教育变革的启示

The Philosophical Outlook of Connectivism and Its Enlightenment on Educational Reform

联通主义是近20年国际上对教育变革最有启发的创新思想。其理论内涵远不止于学习现象,而是教育哲学层面的理论创新。在本体论层面,联通主义是对思维本体论和生成本体论的再发展,反映了“互联网+”时代教育的联通新本质,表现为“学习即连接”的微观联通、“资源共建共享”的中观联通和“组织生态开放互联”的宏观联通。在知识观层面,联通主义揭示了人类生产生活中一直存在的、被忽视的一类知识形态——网络化知识,这类知识在内涵、结构、生产传播模式等方面呈现出全新的特征和规律。在方法论层面,联通主义推动了教育科学研究方向从简单线性到复杂系统的战略转移,强调运用复杂网络方法探寻教育系统的深层规律。联通主义哲学观不是对传统哲学观的全面否定,而是在技术革新、时代进步、思想进化的基础上对教育基本问题认识的丰富和再发展,为认识和研判“互联网+”时代的教育变革提供了全新的哲学思想指导,推动了由技术驱动的教育信息化向技术与思想“双轮驱动”的变革模式转型,为构建服务全民终身学习的教育体系、培养拔尖创新人才、重构教育理论体系提供了强有力的思想武器和方法武器。

Connectivism remains the most enlightening theory for educational reform over the past two decades across the world;its theoretical connotations include not only a new learning phenomenon,but also a new philosophical thought.In terms of ontology,connectivism redevelops the ontology of thinking and generative ontology,reflecting the new nature of connectivity in education in the"Internet+"era:the micro connectivity of"learning is networking,"the meso-connectivity of"resource co-construction and sharing,"and the macro connectivity of"open and connective educational ecology."In terms of the concept of knowledge,connectivism reveals networked knowledge,a new type of knowledge existing but neglected in human life;this type of knowledge presents new characteristics and rules in connotations,structure and production modes.In terms of methodology,connectivism promotes the shift of educational research from a simple,linear system to a complex system,emphasizing the use of the complex method of networking in the exploration into the deep law of the educational system.Connectivist philosophy does not mean completely denying the traditional philosophy;instead,it enriches and develops the understanding of the basic issues in education,based on technological innovation,social progress and ideological evolution.It will provide a new philosophical guidance for the understanding of educational reform in the"Internet+"era,promote the transformation of technology-driven educational informationization into the educational reform driven by both technology and ideology,and offer powerful ideological and methodological weapons for the construction of a lifelong learning ecosystem,the cultivation of innovative talents,and the redevelopment of the system for educational theories.