中国与韩国森林立法比较

Comparison of Forest Legislation Between China and Republic of Korea

作为成功进行植树造林、迅速实现国土绿化的国家,韩国实现森林生态修复的良好经验和森林管理政策获得世界瞩目。文中对于法律层面的韩国森林立法进行分析,并比较中韩两国森林立法异同。韩国森林立法已构建出较为完善的“基本法+单行法”体系,即以《森林基本法》为基本法、以《森林资源法》等19件专门法律为主干。中韩两国森林立法既体现出差异性,又存在共性。两国森林立法在体系化建设、政府职责、森林功能的规定、森林类别的界定等方面表现出显著不同,而在法律渊源、立法价值取向、林地管制和林木采伐制度、林业规划和经营方案制定等方面则体现出共性。韩国森林立法体系建设对完善我国森林立法具有一定借鉴意义。我国未来的森林立法应加强体系化建设,特别是针对森林旅游、森林康养等领域要增加专门立法。

As one of the world’ s model countries in successful afforestation and rapid land greening, the Republic of Korea( ROK) have attracted world attention for its good experiences in forest ecological restoration and forest governance policies. This paper analyzes the ROK’s forest legislations, and also makes a comparative analysis of the forest legislation between China and the ROK. The ROK has built a relatively sound legal system featuring “basic law + separate law”,taking the Frame Act on Forestry as the basic law and 19 laws such as the Creation and Management of Forest Resources Act as the seperate laws. The forest legislation of China and the ROK has both differences and similarities. The differences reflect in the legal system development, government responsibilities, provisions of forest functions, and classification of forest categories, while the similarity lies in legal sources, legislative value orientation, forest land management and forest harvesting system, forestry planning and management plan formulation. The ROK’s forest legislation system could provide certain references for improving China’ s forest legislation. China’ s future forest legislation should focus on the systematic development, especially on the special legislation for forest tourism and forest-based health caring.