重楼属药用植物资源分布及少数民族应用研究

Study on the Distribution of Medicinal Plant Resources of Paris and Its Application in Ethnic Minorities

目的:弄清重楼属药用植物历代产地变迁、分类学研究、资源分布与濒危情况以及少数民族用药习惯等,为重楼属药用植物的野生资源保护与利用提供参考依据。方法:通过查阅历代本草、近年来相关文献资料并结合实地调查,综合分析重楼属药用植物分布概况及少数民族用药情况。结果:自汉以来重楼产地由北向南迁移趋势明显,现以云、贵、川为主产地,文献分析和调查共发现有38种(变种)重楼属植物分布,根据IUCN物种濒危等级划分长柱重楼、西畴重楼、皱叶重楼等7种已处于濒危状态。文献分析发现共有28个少数民族使用重楼属植物治疗相关疾病,相关民间或文献记载主治疾病与《中华人民共和国药典》(2020年版)规定基本相似,其主要用于治疗疔疮痈肿,咽喉肿痛,蛇虫咬伤,跌打伤痛,惊风抽搐等。结论:重楼产地变迁明显,多数重楼物种趋于濒危,急需开展野生资源保护,重楼在治疗消化系统癌、颈淋巴结核、流行性乙型脑炎、心脏病等方面的少数民族用药记载,可为利用现代药学方法系统开发相关药物,提高重楼的药用价值。

Objective:Making clear the origin and changing history, classification, resource distribution and endangered situation of the medicinal plants Paris, and finding out the prescribing habits of ethnic minorities, what provide reference for the protection and utilization of the wild resources. Methods:The distribution of Paris and the prescribing habits of ethnic minorities were comprehensively analyzed by referring to the herbs of the past dynasties, the relevant literature in recent years and combining with the field investigation. Results:Since the Han Dynasty, the origin of Paris has been moving from north to south. Now, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan are the main producing areas. Through literature analysis and investigation, 38 species(varieties) of Paris have been found, according to the IUCN endangered species classification, 7 species, such as Paris forrestii(Takht.) H. Li, Paris cronquistii var. xichouensis H.Li, and Paris rugosa H. Li et Kurita, are endangered. Literature analysis found that a total of 28 ethnic minorities use Paris plants to treat related diseases. The main diseases recorded in relevant folk or literature are basically similar to those specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the people’s Republic of China(version 2020), which are mainly used to treat boils and carbuncle, sore throat, snake and insect bites, falls and blows, and convulsions. Conclusion:The origin of Paris has changed obviously, most species of Paris tend to be endangered, and it is urgent to carry out wild resource protection. The drug use records in the treatment of digestive system cancer, cervical lymphatic tuberculosis, epidemic encephalitis B, heart disease and other aspects of ethnic minorities can provide reference for the systematic development of related drugs using modern pharmaceutical methods.