张家坡M157与M163关系献疑

Questions about the Relationship between Zhangjiapo M157 and M163

张家坡M157与M163是在丰镐遗址发现的西周高等级贵族墓葬。前人分析认为两座墓为夫妻异穴合葬墓,M157的墓主是井叔采,M163的墓主是井叔采配偶——邓仲氏之女,而M163墓中出土的邓仲牺尊为媵器。然而观察两座墓中出土器物后,可以发现邓仲牺尊为西周早期器物。基于此,M157墓主与M163墓主如果是夫妻关系的话,那作为西周早期器物的邓仲牺尊就不是媵器;反之,如果邓仲牺尊是媵器,则M157与M163的年代不同,自然两座墓的墓主也不是夫妻关系。从墓葬中出土陶器、铜器的年代,铜器铭文的角度,可以对张家坡M157与M163的关系展开新的讨论。

Zhangjiapo M157 and M163 are tombs of high-ranking nobles of the Western Zhou Dynasty found at the Fenghao site. According to the analysis of previous generations, the two tombs are joint burial tombs of husband and wife, the owner of M157 is Jingshucai, and the owner of M163 is Jingshucai’s spouse, the daughter of Dengzhongshi. Moreover, the Dengzhongxizun excavated from M163 is revered as a dowry object. However, after observing the artifacts excavated from the two tombs, it can be found that Dengzhongxizun is revered as an early Western Zhou artifact. Based on this, if the M157’s tomb owner and the M163’s tomb owner are husband and wife, then Dengzhongxizun, which is an early western Zhou artifact, is not a dowry object. On the other hand, if Dengzhongxizun is a dowry object, then the age of M157 and M163 is different, and naturally the owners of the two tombs are not husband and wife. From the perspective of the age of pottery and bronze artifacts excavated from the tomb and the bronze inscriptions, a new discussion can be held on the relationship between Zhangjiapo M157 and M163.