西安米家崖遗址出土骨器的实验考古研究

Experimental Archaeology of the Bone Tools from the Mijiaya Site in Xi’an

本文对西安米家崖遗址出土骨器的制作流程进行了模拟实验和观察分析,其结果表明,米家崖遗址骨器制作可分为选料、制备骨料、制坯及细加工等四个基本步骤;制作方法有切割、砸击、劈裂、刮削、钻孔及打磨等;加工工具主要有石刀、蚌刀和砺石等。其中大量器物只用一两个步骤即可制成。两种繁简不同的制作方法表明,本遗址先民的骨器制作以“因材作器”模式为主,以“因器制料”模式为辅;湿度较高的骨料,原料利用率与成品率均较高;骨器表面痕迹以左斜向为主,表明制作者主要习惯使用右手。

Experimental archaeology of bone awls,needles,arrowheads and hairpins from the Neolithic Mijiaya site revealed that the production process of the excavated bone tools consists of the following four steps:material selection,material preparation,rough processing,and fine finishing.Techniques employed include cutting,smashing,splitting,scraping,and polishing.Two different technical modes,i.e.,’material orientated’ and ’final product oriented’ were found,while the former dominated the entire bone making industry.Bone materials with proper humidity enabled a high rate of utilization and production.In addition,traces left on the surface of bone tools indicated that these workers were mostly right-handed.