双循环背景下对外直接投资对我国技术创新的影响路径探究

Research on the Influence Path of OFDI on China’s Technological Innovation under the Background of Dual Circulation

面对严峻的国内外形势,构建“双循环”新发展格局,对我国经济体系向更高层次发展具有十分重要的战略意义,然而,没有技术保障的双循环无疑是低水平的。跨国企业横跨内外循环,其对外直接投资引导我国技术创新发展,为双循环体系构建提供技术支撑。内循环体系下对外直接投资主要通过逆向技术溢出效应促进我国技术创新,同时技术吸收能力正向调节逆向技术溢出效应的促进作用。外循环对逆向技术溢出效应的传导起着支撑作用,东道国政治治理情况和经济自由度对逆向技术溢出效应的影响因国家而异。对外直接投资在内外循环中起着联通桥梁作用,其战略布局决定逆向技术溢出效应发展情况,关系我国技术创新体系构建。两国经济制度距离越近,我国对东道国直接投资阻力越小,两国经济自由度相近能够使跨国企业在较短时间内适应东道国营商环境,降低沉没成本。而政治制度距离却与之相反,这充分说明中国社会主义制度具有其自身特色,同时也反映出中国对发达国家的投资偏好。在双循环背景下推动对外直接投资以获取逆向技术溢出效应、加快技术创新,我国可采取以下措施:内循环下提升我国技术吸收能力;外循环下重视东道国的制度环境;双循环联动下合理布局对外直接投资区位选择。

Building a new development pattern of “dual circulation” to cope with the severe domestic and international situation is of strategic significance for building a higher-level economic system. However, the dual circulation without technical support is undoubtedly low-level. Multinational enterprises span the internal and external circulations, and their OFDI guides the development of China’s technological innovation and provides technical support for the construction of the dual-circulation system. Under the internal circulation system, OFDI mainly promotes China’s technological innovation through reverse technology spillover effect, while technology absorption capacity positively regulates the promotion of reverse technology spillover effect. The external circulation plays a supporting role in the transmission of the reverse technology spillover effect;the influence of the political governance and economic freedom of the host country on the reverse technology spillover effect varies. OFDI plays a connecting role in dual circulation as its strategic layout determines the development of reverse technology spillover effects and relates to the construction of China’s technological innovation system. The closer the economic systems of the two countries are, the less obstacles China has. A close degree of economic freedom enables transnational enterprises to adapt to the business environment of the host country in a short time and reduce sunk costs. However, the distance between political systems runs opposite, which fully shows that China’s socialist system bear its own characteristics, and also reflects China’s investment preference to the developed countries. To promote OFDI for obtaining reverse technology spillover effect and accelerating technological innovation, China can take the following measures: to improve China’s technology absorption capacity under the internal circulation;to attach importance to the institutional environment of the host country under the external circulation;to rationally distribute the location selection of OFDI under the dual circulation.